03D Narmer

http://www.ancientegyptonline.co.uk/narmer.html

Narmer

Narmer (Mernar) was a ruler of Ancient Egypt at the end of the Predynastic Period and the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period. He is often credited with uniting Egypt and becoming the first king of Upperand Lower Egypt. There is some direct evidence for this from near contemporary sources. Seal impressions found in the Abydos tombs attributed to the Pharaohs Den and Qa'a provide us with anancient list of kings and in both cases Narmer is recorded as the first Pharaoh. Freidman (1995) has also noted that the earliest inscribed stone vessel found in the Step Pyramid of Djoser dates to the reign of Narmer and she proposes that Djoser had those vessels placed in his tomb to stress his link with the founder of pharonic Egypt.

According to Manetho and Herodotus the first Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt was Menes. Many experts consider that Menes and Narmer are the same person. (Petrie 1916, Lloyd 1994, Cervello-Autuori 2003). To confuse the issue further, many historians now argue that Scorpion and Narmer are one and the same, but so far no evidence has been discovered to prove or disprove this theory.

It was once thought that he was married to Neithhotep. Petrie suggested that she was a Lower Egyptian (northern) princess who he married to consolidate his rule but according to Wilkinson (1999) Neithhotep was from Upper Egypt and there is no evidence that Narmer did marry a princess from the north. Neithhotep's name also appears on inscriptions found in tombs thought to belong to Hor-Aha and Djer and it is possible that she was the mother of Hor-Aha. However, inscriptions found at Wadi Ameyra at Sinai in 2016 suggest that she was the mother and co-regent of Djer.